FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

LEARNING DIARY ON FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION:
INTRODUCTION: The topic was presented by
Mr.Ayoub Mugube &
John Malasa
In most of the countries in this world, Physical identification regard as physical appearance, voices, and other sensory data and Biometrics as the way for unique be acquainted with human based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavior traits, also biometric includes face, iris, retina inspect, voice recognition etc. Fingerprint refers one of the most convenient and infallible.

MEANING
Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication
-refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify an individual and verify their identity. This article touches on two major classes of algorithms (minutia and pattern) and four sensor designs (optical, ultrasonic, passive capacitance, and active capacitance).

SHORT NARRATION
-In 1880 Dr. Henry Faulds was the first to publish a scientific account of the use of fingerprint as a means of identification but In the late 1960s Galton points has been utilized to expand automated fingerprint technology and In the 1969 FBI developed a system to computerize its fingerprint identification process as a results the available fingerprint continued to improve until in attendance.

AIMS OF FINGER PRINT
Aims to develop a fingerprint matching process that runs on off-the-shelf GPU's (Graphical Processing units). This will allow to compare many more fingerprints than is actually possible and lower the cost-performance ratio. It is also an excellent test case for complex scientific computations on parallel hardware. Current leading methods allow many comparison rate prints per second, but by harnessing the power found in modern GPU's this amount could increase dramatically.

WHY FINGERPRINT
(i)The fingerprint pattern of any one individual remains unaffected/unchanged for life;
-This helps most of the country in all issue of security purposes because of unbothered or not changed.
(ii)The uniqueness of the fingerprint
-Also this identified the unique of different persons around the world because each person has got his / her own finger print.
(iii)Limited variety in patterns allows systematic classification of an individuals fingerprints
-If you consider on various pattern of different people in detail you can see each people have different patterns on his / her finger as an identity.

CLASSIFICATION OF FINGERPRINT
In this section human finger print modules has been classified into three different patterns
(a)Loops.
-It initiates on one side and goes around to closing stages on the identical side. A loop is generally something that closes back on itself such as a circle. The closing can appear in time or in space. It can be a cycle or ball but not a square
(b)Whorls
-The whorl establishes in the middle and maintains in receipt of bigger site. It appears like a bunch of circles in each other with rounded or circular ridge pattern and two deltas
(c)Arches
-The arch is a shape that initiates on one part, and ends on the other part, like a hill but with no delta.

ACHIEVEMENT OF FINGERPRINT IMAGES IS PERFORMED BY TWO TECHNIQUES.
(a)Off-line sensing
This is the achievement of fingerprint images carried out by ink-technique
Where the necessary finger is broaden with black ink and pressed against a paper card and scanned using a common paper-scanner and bring into beings the final digital image visible. Though is possible to manufacture a rolled impression which carries about more information but If not executed with care this technique manufacture the image with misplaced information due to excessive inkiness and deficiency
(b)Live-scan sensing
This is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner with non ink technique but the finger is pushed against the level surface of a scanner’s fingerprint sensor as an electronic device used to detain a digital image of the fingerprint pattern. Although this technique is very straightforward but requires little user instructions.

ADVANTAGES OF FINGERPRINT
(i)Its consistency and stability as well as reliability are higher measure up to the iris, voice, and face recognition method because some can change his or her voice, iris and face that can be recognized by the machine.
(ii)Fingerprint recognition tools is moderately inexpensive evaluate to other biometric system in which any people of lowered status can manage to have them
(iii)Fingerprint can not be mislaid and do not change naturally due to the fact that each people identified with the uniqueness of that.
(iv)Fingerprint can be practical to Modern computers, planes, cars, automatic doors due the fact that the automation is automated.

DISADVANTAGES OF FINGERPRINT
(i)Time consuming.
It is true that the process of finger print consuming a lot of time that can be used to perform another work in our society.
(ii)Some criminals burn their fingers with acids.
Also this is among one the challenges as well as problems because if some one can be able to change the appearance of his or her hand can also be possible to avoid the finger print detection.
(iii)Some people have damaged or eliminated fingerprints.
Also seems to be difficulty for machine to render more accurately for those with damaged finger to be printed.

CHALLENGES
(i)Appropriate to technical dilemma some sensors do not interpret fingerprint images properly
(ii)Fingerprints stored in the database can be straightforwardly strong-minded by hackers and less security purposes.
(iii)The procedure of accumulate fingerprints weakens security hence sometimes criminals do engrave their fingers.

TERMINATION
Fingerprint recognition is important regardless of the disadvantages since it uniquely gives the variation accurately and discriminating than DNA analysis, which, with today’s technology, cannot distinguish between identical twins.

Refference
(i)Davide Maltoni, Anil K. Jain, Dario Maio, Salil Prabhakar,(2002), Handbook of fingerprint recognition, springer.
(ii)Henry, Edward R., Sir (1900) Classification and Uses of Finger Prints London: George Rutledge & Sons, Ltd.
(iii)Guardware Systems Ltd.Fingerprint Recognition II – History of Fingerprinting, 2000-2001 .
(iv)National science and technology Council Institute, Committee on technology, Fingerprint recognition,2006, Subcommittee on Biometrics.

By venance.